T
Чтобы добро побеждало
Текст: Алёна Кияниченко
4 апреля Андрею Тарковскому могло бы исполниться 90 лет. Вспоминаем великого режиссера, который, как известно, не жалел в оценках ни себя, ни родину, ни коллег. Вот что Тарковский думал о войне, цензуре и свободе.
О смысле жизни
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Жизнь никакого смысла, конечно, не имеет. Если бы он был, человек не был бы свободным, а превратился бы в раба этого смысла, и жизнь его строилась бы по совершенно новым категориям. Категориям раба. Как у животного, смысл жизни которого в самой жизни, в продолжении рода. Животное занимается своей рабской работой потому, что чувствует инстинктивно смысл жизни. Поэтому его сфера замкнута. Претензия же человека в том, чтобы достичь абсолютного.
Андрей Тарковский, «Мартиролог» (5 сентября, 1970 год)
»
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{"points":[{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-4}},{"id":8,"properties":{"x":-1,"y":2,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":20}},{"id":9,"properties":{"x":-2,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}}],"steps":[{"id":7,"properties":{"duration":80,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":10,"properties":{"duration":80,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О советском кинематографе
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Кино, конечно, находится сейчас у нас в исключительно ничтожном виде. Пользуясь тем, что деньги на него дает государство, оно же само топчет его замыслы, упивается бездарной и спекулятивной мутной жидкостью. Орденоносцы и облеченные званиями, не умеющие связать двух слов, превратили наше кино в руины, на которых догорают обломки каких-то конструкций. Просматривал недавно историю довоенного итальянского кино. Боже мой, как это похоже на историю советского кино! Никогда еще мы не впадали в такое ничтожество.
.
Андрей Тарковский, «Мартиролог» (16 февраля, 1971 год)
»
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Об «Ивановом
детстве»
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Я делал свою первую картину «Иваново детство» и по существу не знал, что такое режиссура. Это был поиск на ощупь. Я шел и пробовал, искал для себя моменты соприкосновения с поэзией. После этой картины я почувствовал, что с помощью кино можно соприкоснуться с духовными субстанциями души. Поэтому опыт с “Ивановым детством” был чрезвычайно важным — до этого я совершенно не представлял, что такое кинематограф.
.
Документальный фильм «Поэт кино: Андрей Тарковский», реж. Донателло Бальиво, 1984 год
»
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О смысле человеческого существования
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[Этот мир] создан не для того, чтобы человек был счастливым, хотя многие считают, что именно в этом смысл существования мира, в котором мы рождаемся. Мне кажется, он существует для того, чтобы бороться. Чтобы внутри нас боролось добро и зло, — и добро побеждало.
Документальный фильм «Поэт кино: Андрей Тарковский», реж. Донателло Бальиво, 1984 год
»
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{"points":[{"id":1,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":3,"properties":{"x":-2,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-6}},{"id":4,"properties":{"x":-1,"y":-3,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-11}}],"steps":[{"id":2,"properties":{"duration":36,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":35,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О «Зеркале»
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Мне всегда казалось, что эта картина очень простая хотя бы потому, что она биографическая. В ней нет ни одного выдуманного эпизода — все они являются для меня воспоминаниями. Не могу никак относиться к ним как к сложным художественным построениям. Для меня всегда было странным, когда кто-то говорил, что это сложная картина, требующая особенной подготовленности для восприятия.
Из интервью латвийскому телевидению, 1979 год
»
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О том, почему кино не хуже других видов искусств
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В лучших своих образцах [кино] не только достигло уровня классических жанров искусства, но и утвердилось наряду с поэзией, музыкой, драмой. Говорят, что кино быстро стареет. Это не правда. Стареют только плохие картины.
Документальный фильм «Кино — это мозаика, составленная из времени», реж. Донателло Бальиво, 1984 год
»
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О том, почему кино — самое несчастное из искусств
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Кино, пожалуй, самое несчастное из искусств — оно очень зависит от денег… не от того, что фильм дорого стоит, а от того, что фильмами торгуют, как жевательной резинкой, как сигаретами, — вещами, которые покупают. Поэтому считают, чтобы картина была хорошей, она должна хорошо продаваться.
Документальный фильм «Поэт кино: Андрей Тарковский», реж. Донателло Бальиво, 1984 год
»
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О государственной цензуре
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Как грустно жить на белом свете! Я завидую всем, кто способен заниматься своей работой независимо от государства. Да, практически все — кроме кино и театра. (Я не говорю о телевидении, ибо это — не искусство.) Свободны. От заработка они тоже свободны, но по крайней мере они могут работать. Какая хамская власть! Разве нужна ей литература, поэзия, музыка, живопись, кино? Нет, наоборот, сколько бы было ликвидировано сложностей!
Андрей Тарковский, «Мартиролог» (27 января, 1973 год)
»
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{"points":[{"id":16,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-20}},{"id":18,"properties":{"x":2,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":17,"properties":{"duration":80,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О том,
почему свободу
не отнять
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«
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Что такое свобода? Это внутренняя, духовная свобода человека. Это не права. Права можно отнять. Свободу отнять невозможно. <...> Именно поэтому мы часто встречаем в местах, несвободных политически, очень свободных людей.
Документальный фильм «Андрей Тарковский. Кино как молитва», реж. Андрей Тарковский — младший, 2019 год
»
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О войне
«
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Когда речь идет о войне, мы прежде всего говорим о жертвах. Не существует выигравших в войне. Если мы выигрываем войну, мы ее проигрываем, потому что мы в ней участвуем.
Документальный фильм «Андрей Тарковский. Кино как молитва», реж. Андрей Тарковский — младший, 2019 год
»
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О природе
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«
{"points":[{"id":1,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":3,"properties":{"x":1,"y":1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":35}},{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":2,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":2,"properties":{"duration":0.8,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.8,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Мы зависимы от природы. Природа важнее
нас, потому что мы результат ее эволюции. Пренебрегать ею в эмоциональном, художественном смысле — глупо.
Это единственное место, где нас
ждет ощущение правды.
Документальный фильм «Андрей Тарковский. Кино как молитва», реж. Андрей Тарковский — младший, 2019 год
»
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{"points":[{"id":19,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}},{"id":21,"properties":{"x":-1,"y":1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":14}}],"steps":[{"id":20,"properties":{"duration":64,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":8}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О целостности искусства
«
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Художник не может быть отчасти искренним, как не может искусство быть лишь приближением к прекрасному. Искусство —
это сама форма существования абсолютно прекрасного и завершенного.
Андрей Тарковский «Запечатленное время»
»
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{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-16}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
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{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-26}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О «Войне и мире» Льва Толстого
«
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В детстве моя мама предложила мне впервые прочитать «Войну и мир», а потом в течение многих лет она довольно часто цитировала куски из этого романа, обращая мое внимание на тонкости и детали толстовской прозы. Таким образом «Война и мир» явилась для меня как бы школой искусства, стала критерием вкуса и художественной глубины — после этого было уже невозможно читать макулатуру, вызывавшую у меня острое чувство брезгливости.
Андрей Тарковский «Запечатленное время»
»
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{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":13}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-6}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":22,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-7}},{"id":24,"properties":{"x":8,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":-10}},{"id":25,"properties":{"x":-4,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":10}}],"steps":[{"id":23,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":26,"properties":{"duration":100,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
О любви к себе
«
{"points":[{"id":1,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":3,"properties":{"x":1,"y":1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":35}},{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":2,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":2,"properties":{"duration":95,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}},{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":95,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":false}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Мне кажется, что, если бы мы любили себя по-настоящему, мы бы сумели по-настоящему любить других. Мне кажется, я недостаточно люблю себя и тем самым недостаточно люблю окружающих. А мне хотелось бы.
Документальный фильм «Поэт кино: Андрей Тарковский», реж. Донателло Бальиво, 1984 год
»
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